NỘI DUNG :
Tuổi
Trẻ Online
.
By
Mark Terry
.
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Tuổi Trẻ Online
04/02/2020 12:02 GMT+7
TTO
- Hiện nay vẫn chưa có cách chữa trị chính thống đối với chủng virus corona mới
(2019-nCoV) nhưng nhiều công ty công nghệ sinh học lớn đang hi vọng có thể điều
trị các triệu chứng bệnh do nCoV gây ra bằng các loại thuốc kháng virus.
Theo Đài CNN ngày 3-2, Gilead Sciences, công
ty công nghệ sinh học Mỹ có một loại thuốc thử nghiệm gọi là remdesivir dùng để
điều trị virus Ebola, cho biết công ty này đang làm việc với các quan chức y tế
Trung Quốc để xem liệu thuốc này có thể điều trị các triệu chứng do virus corona
gây ra hay không.
Công ty Gilead cho biết thêm rằng thuốc remdesivir
đã chứng minh một số hiệu quả trong điều trị MERS và SARS, hai chủng virus
tương tự như virus corona ở thành phố Vũ Hán (Trung Quốc), trên động vật.
Thuốc remdesivir cũng được dùng trong trường hợp điều
trị khẩn cấp cho các bệnh nhân nhiễm Ebola. Tuy nhiên, Gilead cho biết
remdesivir chưa được chính thức cấp bằng sáng chế hay được bất kỳ tổ chức y tế
toàn cầu nào phê duyệt.
Gilead không phải là công ty dược phẩm duy nhất hi vọng
tìm ra cách điều trị thành công đối với virus corona. Các đối thủ nặng ký như
Johnson & Johnson (Mỹ) và GlaxoSmithKline (Anh) cũng đã bắt tay nghiên cứu
và phát triển văcxin ngừa virus corona.
Công ty công nghệ sinh học AbbVie (Mỹ) cho biết họ
đã thấy các kết quả hứa hẹn trong điều trị virus corona ở Vũ Hán bằng hỗn hợp của
hai loại thuốc dùng điều trị HIV và thuốc Tamiflu.
Các công ty dược nhỏ hơn như Moderna, Inovio
Pharmaceuticals và Novavax (cùng có trụ sở tại Mỹ) cũng đang tìm kiếm các
phương pháp điều trị.
Trước đó, tiến
sĩ Anthony Fauci, giám đốc Viện Dị ứng và bệnh truyền nhiễm quốc gia Mỹ, cho biết
có thể phải hơn một năm nữa mới có văcxin ngừa chủng virus corona mới này.
------------------------------------
By Mark Terry
Published: Feb 05, 2020
The Wuhan Institute of Virology, part of the China
Academy of Sciences, has applied
to patent the use of Gilead
Sciences’ remdesivir to treat the current coronavirus outbreak.
The company has partnered
with Chinese health authorities to run a Phase III clinical trial to assess
remdesivir for treatment of the virus. The drug was originally developed to
treat the Ebola virus, but wasn’t effective. Preclinical assays have suggested
that the drug might be effective against the coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, as was
published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). The drug was
given to a U.S. patient for compassionate use on day seven of the disease and
their condition improved on day eight.
The new clinical trial will be conducted at
Friendship Hospital in Beijing, China. The trial will enroll 270 patients with
mild and moderate pneumonia caused by the virus.
“Gilead is working closely with global health
authorities to respond to the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak through
the appropriate experimental use of our investigational compound remdesivir.
While there are no antiviral data for remdesivir that show activity against
2019-nCoV at this time, available data in other coronaviruses give us hope,”
the company stated.
The Wuhan Institute submitted the patent application
jointly with the Military Medicine Institute of the People’s Liberation Army
Academy of Military Science. Researchers with both organizations noted in a
paper published in Nature’s Cell Research this week that both remdesivir
and chloroquine, used to treat malaria, may be effective in stalling the
coronavirus.
“Even if the Wuhan Institute’s application gets
authorized, the role is very limited because Gilead still owns the fundamental
patent of the drug,” said Zhao Youbin, a Shanghai-based intellectual property
attorney at Purplevine IP Service Co. “Any exploitation of the patent must seek
approval from Gilead.”
The Wuhan Institute indicated it filed the patent
application on January 21, but also noted it would temporarily drop the patent
claims if it had the opportunity to collaborate with foreign biopharma
companies to battle the epidemic.
The World Health Organization (WHO), however, is
trying to downplay
media reports of any drug breakthroughs against the outbreak, stating
there are “no known” drugs against the virus. “There are no known effective
therapeutics against this 2019-nCoV and WHO recommends enrollment into a
randomized controlled trial to test efficacy and safety,” the organization
stated today. “A master global clinical trial protocol for research and
prioritization of therapeutics is ongoing at the WHO.”
To date, the coronavirus has infected
almost 25,000 and killed almost 500. The coronavirus, which comes from
the same family of viruses as the common cold, SARS and MERS, began in the city
of Wuhan, China. It is believed to have originated
in bats and made the jump to human beings, possibly at a seafood market in the
city. The virus’s genome is very similar to the SARS virus. It is an airborne
virus, although it does not appear to survive long outside the body or on
surfaces and remain infectious. It seems to require close contact or exposure
to droplets, such as coughing or sneezing, from someone who is infected.
However, there are some signs that it can be transmitted prior to symptoms
occurring. It causes flu-like symptoms that in some cases become pneumonia.
Gilead’s remdesivir is an experimental drug that
isn’t licensed or approved anywhere in the world. It is being rushed into
clinical trials in China. Gilead’s chief medical officer, Merdad Parsey, told Bloomberg
that the drug could enter clinical trials in China as early as next week in
patients with moderate and severe symptoms.
China can manufacture chloroquine and currently
wants access to remdesivir. Bloomberg points out that the country’s
decision to seek a patent “instead of invoking the heavy-handed ‘compulsory
license’ option that lets nations override drug patents in national
emergencies, underscores the delicate balancing act before China as it signals
commitment toward intellectual property rights alongside curbing the virus
outbreak.”
“The fact that they have applied for a patent means
there’s growing awareness about this in the country,” said Wang Yanhu, a senior
partner at Albright Law Offices in Beijing. “The government is compelled to
avoid using the compulsory license because it has been making efforts to show
China respects intellectual property rights and the abuse of compulsory
licensing will draw international criticism.”
Gilead is presently shipping enough doses of the
drug to China to treat 500 patients and is increasing its supply in case the
clinical trials are effective.
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